Findings
The four guiding objectives
Assessing unlicensed production amounts and geography
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Identifying Factors Influencing the Observed Extent of Unlicensed Cultivation
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Comparing Licensed and Unlicensed Production and Estimate Leakage of Licensed Product into Unlicensed Market
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Assessing Potential for Environmental Impacts of Unlicensed Production in Ban and Permit Counties
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Assessing unlicensed production amounts and geography
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Identifying Factors Influencing the Observed Extent of Unlicensed Cultivation
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Comparing Licensed and Unlicensed Production and Estimate Leakage of Licensed Product into Unlicensed Market
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Assessing Potential for Environmental Impacts of Unlicensed Production in Ban and Permit Counties
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Research Methods
Mapping & Modeling
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Ethnographic Case Studies
Flip
Licensed Market Data Analysis
Flip
Policy Review
Flip
Model Formation
Flip
Energy Data Analysis
Flip
Case Studies
Four ethnographers were spread across California to do case studies examining unlicensed cultivation in different counties.
Siskiyou
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Nevada
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Mendocino
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Lake
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Riverside
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Trinity
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Key Takeaways
Unlicensed cultivation has diminished to 2018 levels after a brief boom.
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Establishing a broad network of licensed cannabis farms is the most effect deterrent against unlicensed cultivation.
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Data and Results
Policy Recommendations
General address of unlicensed cultivation; Specific address of CA policy
Enforcement
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Permitting
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Economics/Market Interventions
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Bans
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Research
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Regulatory Design
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Environmental Policy/Enforcement
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Low-income Counties
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Acknowledgements
We are deeply grateful to the individuals who generously shared their time, knowledge, experiences, and understanding with us. We also thank the representatives at the Department of Cannabis Control, METRC, the State Water Resources Control Board, PG&E, and SoCal Edison who responded to our requests and questions.
We also want to acknowledge the time and efforts of the University of California, Berkeley students, whose work as research assistants helped us further our analysis of the findings. Undergraduate research assistants spent countless hours conducting background research, writing, and working with GIS. The work of undergraduates greatly assisted us: Anhika Marie Bui, Cate Carlson, Rebekah Derris Murphy, Iroha Harada, Mia Hsu Puzzo, Emily Ma, Daniel Rodriguez, Alessandra Soberanes, McCree Tang, Martina Anne Arendain, Martina Arendain, Peri Zoe Yildirim-Stanley, Ryan Jen Wong, Alexa Marie Weiss, Hannah Welke, and Xiaoya Yuan, Audrey Theresa Shao, Hennessy Jones, Danicka G Sailer, Ellie Suh, Noah Alexander Menz, and Vincent Xuan Nghiem.
A special thank you to Pheng Lor for his administrative and organizational support.
Finally, we would like to recognize the institutional and administrative support provided by the Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management at the University of California system and the Cannabis Research Center.
The University of California, Berkeley, submits this Final Report in fulfillment of contract #93284, “Licensed and Unlicensed Cultivation Across Ban and Permit Jurisdictions,” under the grant provided by the California Department of Cannabis Control.